Forecasts
Our global economic and financial forecasts
Find out what our economists and strategists are expecting over coming quarters.
Latest forecast update: 17 April 2024
Growth (GDP)
QoQ% Annualised | 1Q24F | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 2023F | 2024F | 2025F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 |
Japan | 0.8 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
Germany | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
France | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.3 |
UK | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.3 |
Italy | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Canada | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
Australia | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 2.4 |
Eurozone | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
Austria | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 | -1.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 |
Spain | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
Netherlands | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Belgium | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Greece | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 |
Portugal | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.2 |
Switzerland | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
Sweden | 3.2 | -0.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
Norway | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
%YoY | 1Q24F | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 2023F | 2024F | 2025F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulgaria | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
Croatia | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.7 |
Czech Republic | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | -0.2 | 1.2 | 2.2 |
Hungary | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.0 | -0.9 | 2.1 | 3.8 |
Poland | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
Romania | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
Turkey | 4.8 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
Serbia | 4.2 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Azerbaijan | 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 |
Kazakhstan | 4.5 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5.0 |
Russia | 4.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
Ukraine | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 5.0 |
China | 4.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 |
India | 5.8 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 7.2 |
Indonesia | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 |
Korea | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
Philippines | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
Singapore | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
Taiwan | 5.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 2.4 |
Inflation (CPI)
Developed Markets (%YoY) | 1Q24F | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 2023F | 2024F | 2025F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 2.0 |
Japan | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
Germany | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 6.0 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
France | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 2.0 |
UK | 3.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 7.4 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
Italy | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 |
Canada | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
Australia | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 2.8 |
Eurozone | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 |
Austria | 4.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 3.1 | 2.1 |
Spain | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.2 |
Netherlands | 3.0 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
Belgium | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.1 |
Greece | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 1.9 |
Portugal | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Switzerland | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Sweden | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 6.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Norway | 4.4 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 2.5 |
Bulgaria | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 9.6 | 3.2 | 4.1 |
Croatia | 4.0 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 8.0 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
Czech Republic | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 10.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
Hungary | 3.7 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 17.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 |
Poland | 2.8 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 11.4 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
Romania | 7.2 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 10.5 | 5.8 | 4.1 |
Turkey | 68.5 | 74.0 | 47.2 | 43.2 | 53.9 | 58.0 | 28.6 |
Serbia | 5.7 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 12.5 | 4.6 | 4.3 |
Azerbaijan | 4.2 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 8.9 | 3.1 | 3.8 |
Kazakhstan | 9.6 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 14.8 | 8.8 | 7.4 |
Russia | 7.6 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 4.4 |
Ukraine | 5.5 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 11.7 | 8.1 | 7.3 |
China | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
India | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
Indonesia | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 |
Korea | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
Philippines | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
Singapore | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Taiwan | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.5 |
*Quarterly forecasts are quarterly average; yearly forecasts are average over the year. HICP for European Union economies | |||||||
Policy rates
G10 (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
US (upper bound) | 5.50 | 5.25 | 4.75 | 4.25 | 3.50 |
Eurozone (deposit rate) | 3.75 | 3.50 | 3.25 | 3.00 | 2.50 |
Japan (upper bound) | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 |
UK | 5.25 | 4.75 | 4.25 | 3.75 | 3.25 |
Switzerland | 1.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sweden | 3.75 | 3.25 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Norway | 4.50 | 4.25 | 3.75 | 3.25 | 3.00 |
Canada | 4.75 | 4.50 | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.25 |
Australia | 4.35 | 4.10 | 3.85 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
EMEA (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F |
Czech Republic | 4.75 | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Hungary | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 5.00 |
Poland | 5.75 | 5.75 | 5.75 | 5.25 | 4.75 |
Romania | 6.75 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.00 | 5.50 |
Turkey | 50.00 | 50.00 | 47.50 | 40.00 | 30.00 |
Serbia | 6.30 | 5.80 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.00 |
Azerbaijan | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 6.75 | 6.00 |
Kazakhstan | 14.00 | 13.25 | 12.50 | 12.00 | 11.00 |
Russia | 15.50 | 14.50 | 13.00 | 12.00 | 9.00 |
Ukraine | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 12.00 |
Asia (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F |
China (1Y LPR) | 3.45 | 3.35 | 3.25 | 3.15 | 3.05 |
India | 6.50 | 6.25 | 6.00 | 5.75 | 5.50 |
Indonesia | 6.00 | 5.75 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.00 |
Korea | 3.50 | 3.25 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Philippines | 6.50 | 6.25 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 5.50 |
Taiwan | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.85 |
3 month rates
G10 (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 2Q25F | 4Q25F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US | 5.40 | 5.20 | 4.70 | 4.20 | 3.70 | 3.40 |
Eurozone | 3.70 | 3.40 | 3.10 | 2.90 | 2.75 | 2.50 |
Japan | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
UK | 5.05 | 4.55 | 4.15 | 3.60 | 3.20 | 3.20 |
Switzerland | 1.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Canada | 4.90 | 4.60 | 4.10 | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
Australia | 4.40 | 4.15 | 3.90 | 3.65 | 3.40 | 3.50 |
EMEA (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 2Q25F | 4Q25F |
Czech Republic | 4.50 | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.05 | 3.10 | 3.10 |
Hungary | 6.51 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.15 | 5.55 | 5.00 |
Poland | 5.85 | 5.85 | 5.74 | 5.40 | 5.22 | 4.92 |
Romania | 5.60 | 5.55 | 5.55 | 5.00 | 4.90 | 4.80 |
Turkey | 48.50 | 48.40 | 45.60 | 41.40 | 35.50 | 30.80 |
Serbia | 5.60 | 5.10 | 4.80 | 4.80 | 4.30 | 4.30 |
Kazakhstan | 14.20 | 13.45 | 12.70 | 12.20 | 11.70 | 11.20 |
Russia | 15.25 | 14.20 | 12.70 | 11.50 | 10.50 | 8.50 |
Asia (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 2Q25F | 4Q25F |
China* | 2.12 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.90 |
India | 7.15 | 6.90 | 6.65 | 6.40 | 6.25 | 5.75 |
Indonesia | 6.98 | 6.73 | 6.48 | 6.23 | 6.30 | 6.00 |
Korea | 3.50 | 3.30 | 3.25 | 3.20 | 3.25 | 3.25 |
Philippines* | 5.50 | 5.30 | 5.10 | 5.00 | 5.20 | 4.75 |
Singapore | 4.00 | 3.85 | 3.70 | 3.50 | 3.20 | 2.50 |
Taiwan* | 1.60 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.40 |
10-year yields
G10 (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 2Q25F | 4Q25F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US: Fed funds | 5.50 | 5.25 | 4.75 | 4.25 | 3.75 | 3.50 |
3M | 5.40 | 5.20 | 4.70 | 4.20 | 3.70 | 3.40 |
2Y | 4.90 | 4.05 | 3.40 | 3.40 | 3.40 | 3.40 |
5Y | 4.75 | 3.95 | 3.40 | 3.55 | 3.70 | 3.85 |
10Y | 4.75 | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.75 | 4.00 | 4.25 |
30Y | 4.85 | 4.20 | 3.90 | 4.15 | 4.40 | 4.65 |
ECB deposit* | 3.75 | 3.50 | 3.25 | 3.00 | 2.75 | 2.50 |
3M | 3.70 | 3.40 | 3.10 | 2.90 | 2.75 | 2.50 |
2Y | 2.65 | 2.40 | 2.35 | 2.35 | 2.30 | 2.35 |
5Y | 2.30 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 2.30 | 2.40 |
10Y | 2.30 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.25 | 2.40 | 2.50 |
30Y | 2.50 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.55 | 2.70 | 2.80 |
Japan | 0.90 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.50 | 1.75 | 1.75 |
France | 2.85 | 2.65 | 2.65 | 2.80 | 2.95 | 3.05 |
Italy | 3.80 | 3.70 | 3.75 | 3.90 | 4.05 | 4.15 |
Spain | 3.20 | 3.05 | 3.05 | 3.20 | 3.35 | 3.45 |
UK | 4.10 | 3.60 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.60 |
Netherlands | 2.65 | 2.45 | 2.45 | 2.60 | 2.75 | 2.85 |
Belgium | 2.90 | 2.75 | 2.75 | 2.90 | 3.05 | 3.15 |
Austria | 2.85 | 2.65 | 2.65 | 2.80 | 2.95 | 3.05 |
Ireland | 2.75 | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.70 | 2.85 | 2.95 |
Portugal | 3.05 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 3.05 | 3.20 | 3.30 |
Switzerland | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.10 |
Sweden | 2.40 | 2.20 | 2.50 | 2.60 | 2.70 | 2.70 |
Norway | 4.00 | 3.25 | 3.00 | 3.55 | 3.75 | 3.75 |
Finland | 2.85 | 2.65 | 2.65 | 2.80 | 2.95 | 3.05 |
Canada | 3.90 | 3.50 | 3.25 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.75 |
Australia | 3.75 | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.75 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
EMEA (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 2Q25F | 4Q25F |
Bulgaria | 4.70 | 4.60 | 4.40 | 4.30 | 4.10 | 4.00 |
Czech Republic | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
Hungary | 6.35 | 6.25 | 6.10 | 6.15 | 5.90 | 5.70 |
Poland | 5.60 | 5.55 | 5.42 | 5.25 | 4.99 | 4.82 |
Romania | 6.40 | 6.20 | 6.40 | 6.70 | 5.80 | 5.70 |
Russia | 13.00 | 12.70 | 12.50 | 11.50 | 10.70 | 8.30 |
Turkey | 28.70 | 26.70 | 23.90 | 20.60 | 20.00 | 18.00 |
Asia (%) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 2Q25F | 4Q25F |
China | 2.35 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.45 | 2.50 | 2.45 |
India | 6.80 | 6.50 | 6.20 | 6.40 | 6.60 | 6.80 |
Indonesia | 6.80 | 6.70 | 6.60 | 6.50 | 6.30 | 6.00 |
Korea | 3.30 | 3.40 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 4.00 |
Philippines | 6.40 | 6.20 | 6.10 | 6.00 | 5.90 | 5.50 |
Singapore | 3.40 | 3.40 | 3.15 | 3.00 | 2.80 | 2.30 |
Taiwan | 1.35 | 1.25 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.25 |
*Apart from ECB deposit rate, all Eurozone bond yield forecasts refer to German bund yields |
FX
G10 (End period) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Euro | EUR/USD | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
Japan | USD/JPY | 150 | 143 | 138 | 140 | 142 |
UK | GBP/USD | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
Japan | EUR/JPY | 162.00 | 157.30 | 151.80 | 154.00 | 156.20 |
UK | EUR/GBP | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
Canada | USD/CAD | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.30 |
Australia | AUD/USD | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 |
New Zealand | NZD/USD | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 |
Switzerland | EUR/CHF | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sweden | EUR/SEK | 11.30 | 11.10 | 11.10 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
Norway | EUR/NOK | 11.40 | 11.10 | 11.10 | 11.00 | 10.90 |
Denmark | EUR/DKK | 7.46 | 7.46 | 7.46 | 7.46 | 7.46 |
EMEA (End period) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F | |
Serbia | EUR/RSD | 117.20 | 117.10 | 117.00 | 116.90 | 116.80 |
Czech Republic | EUR/CZK | 25.30 | 24.80 | 24.50 | 24.25 | 24.00 |
Hungary | EUR/HUF | 400.00 | 395.00 | 400.00 | 405.00 | 410.00 |
Poland | EUR/PLN | 4.20 | 4.22 | 4.25 | 4.29 | 4.31 |
Romania | EUR/RON | 4.98 | 4.98 | 5.03 | 5.03 | 5.09 |
Turkey | USD/TRY | 35.25 | 38.10 | 41.00 | - | 50.00 |
South Africa | USD/ZAR | 19.00 | 18.75 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 17.50 |
Israel | USD/ILS | 3.80 | 3.70 | 3.55 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
CIS (End period) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F | |
Azerbaijan | USD/AZN | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 |
Kazakhstan | USD/KZT | 455.00 | 460.00 | 465.00 | 475.00 | 500.00 |
Russia | USD/RUB | 92.00 | 97.00 | 105.00 | 100.00 | 110.00 |
EUR/RUB | 99.36 | 106.70 | 115.50 | 110.00 | 121.00 | |
Ukraine | USD/UAH | 39.00 | 39.30 | 39.50 | 39.70 | 40.00 |
Latam (End period) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F | |
Brazil | USD/BRL | 5.15 | 5.15 | 5.15 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
Mexico | USD/MXN | 16.75 | 16.75 | 16.50 | 16.25 | 16.00 |
Chile | USD/CLP | 975.00 | 950.00 | 850.00 | 825.00 | 800.00 |
Asia (End period) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 1Q25F | 4Q25F | |
China | USD/CNY | 7.27 | 7.18 | 7.12 | 7.05 | 6.90 |
India | USD/INR | 83.00 | 83.00 | 82.50 | 83.00 | 83.00 |
Indonesia | USD/IDR | 16000 | 15700 | 15250 | 15100 | 14800 |
Korea | USD/KRW | 1330 | 1280 | 1320 | 1300 | 1280 |
Philippines | USD/PHP | 56.80 | 56.20 | 55.50 | 55.25 | 54.80 |
Singapore | USD/SGD | 1.35 | 1.33 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.26 |
Taiwan | USD/TWD | 32.40 | 32.20 | 31.00 | 30.70 | 29.50 |
Commodities
Oil and natural gas forecasts (avg) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 2024F | 2025F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brent ($/bbl) | 87.0 | 88.0 | 85.0 | 86.0 | 80.0 |
Dutch TTF (EUR/MWh) | 25.0 | 25.0 | 35.0 | 28.0 | 29.0 |
Metal Forecasts (avg) | 2Q24F | 3Q24F | 4Q24F | 2024F | 2025F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copper ($/t) | 9,050 | 9,000 | 9,100 | 8,922 | 9,150 |
Aluminium ($/t) | 2,300 | 2,350 | 2,400 | 2,323 | 2,475 |
Nickel ($/t) | 16,900 | 16,950 | 17,000 | 16,922 | 17,000 |
Zinc ($/t) | 2,500 | 2,550 | 2,550 | 2,519 | 2,625 |
Lead ($/t) | 2,100 | 2,100 | 2,200 | 2,122 | 2,125 |
Gold ($/oz) | 2,200 | 2,250 | 2,300 | 2,206 | 2,310 |
Silver ($/oz) | 25.50 | 26.00 | 26.50 | 25.30 | 26.00 |
Iron Ore ($/t) | 100.00 | 105.00 | 100.00 | 106.00 | 101.00 |