The Netherlands’ economy is still stuck in recession

The contraction in the third quarter means the recession still hasn’t officially ended for the Netherlands. GDP was -0.6% lower compared with the third quarter of 2022. The current slowdown is shallow; we haven't seen any big turnarounds in the labour market. While employment contracted very mildly in the number of hours worked, it still expanded in terms of the number of jobs and persons employed.

The third quarter's largest drag on GDP growth was the reduction in inventories (-0.4%-point). That was expected since firms still had signalled that they considered their levels of inventories as too large. Investments were down too, contracting by -1.8%, and that was another significant reason for the continuation of the technical recession. This was especially due to fewer transport equipment purchases, but investment in machinery, infrastructure, ICT equipment, housing and commercial buildings suffered. Only investment in intangibles such as R&D and software rose.

Trade contracted, but the net contribution of the trade balance (exports minus imports) to the GDP was positive due to a reduction in imports. Notably, goods exports (-1.7%) and imports (-2.8%) fell, while services exports (-0.8%) and imports (-0.2%) contracted more mildly. While domestically produced exports suffered, re-exports were rising.

Household consumption flatlined as inflation continues to bite; nominal consumption rose (1.3%) again after a fall last quarter. While foreign consumption in the Netherlands rose (contributing to exports) and Dutch households purchased more abroad (contributing to imports), domestic consumption fell. There were fewer purchases of services and durable goods within the Netherlands, but there was growth in domestic consumption of food and beverages.

Government consumption was the only expenditure that rose significantly, expanding by 0.6% quarter-on-quarter. Employment increased in public administration and education.

Among Dutch industries, the energy supply sector (-7.4% quarter-on-quarter) and recreation & culture (-2.5%) notably showed a decline in value added. Also, ICT (-0.4%), construction (-0.4%) and trade, transport & hospitality sector (-0.1%, which includes retail, of which sales volumes dropped by -1.2% QonQ) and business services (-0.1%) contracted.

Manufacturing contracted for the third quarter in a row (-0.1% QonQ), and this is beginning to look more like stagnation. Tobacco, leather & footwear, machinery, and pharmaceuticals were hit most by industrial production declines.

Sectoral growth was strongest in mining & quarrying (i.e. oil & gas, 11.5%), financial services (0.7%), real estate (0.7%) and water & waste (0.7%), while agriculture and fishery (0.3%) and government, education & health (0.3%) expanded mildly.

These third quarter figures don’t call for a big revision of our outlook. Despite the negative number for 3Q23, we do expect a bit of growth to return in the fourth quarter. While this certainly is not a done deal, we're already seeing some more positive news here. Survey data by the European Commission suggests that expectations of businesses are improving, notably in construction and retail. The latter is in line with price increases and housing market transactions. We expect inflation to slow further and, with higher wage increases (up 6.5% YoY in October), consumers have more spending power.

The commercial service sector is also more optimistic about demand in the near future. That said, GDP growth is expected to remain below potential. We particularly expect the negative trend in investment to continue, given the weakness in the global business cycle and higher financing costs.