Turkey faces continuing price pressures

With February's month-on-month inflation figure for Turkey at 4.53% being above ours and the consensus call, annual inflation came in at 67.1%, YoY up from 64.9% a month ago on the back of across-the-board price increases. While there was an increase of 3.1% in February 2023, the average of February months of the 2003-based index was 0.9%, indicating that the base effect was favourable for this year. Accordingly, cumulative inflation in the first two months reached 11.5% vs the 36% central bank's forecast for this year, while annual inflation has remained above the CBT’s forecast range of 30-42%.

February PPI, on the other hand, stood at 3.7% MoM, showing an acceleration to 47.3% YoY. However, the decline in annual PPI from close to triple digits last year shows significant improvement in cost pressures thanks to commodity price changes and exchange rate developments.

Core inflation (CPI-C) came in at 3.6% MoM, moving up to 72.9% on an annual basis on the back of pricing behaviour, implications of the minimum wage and public salary hikes, adjustment in administered prices and inertia in services. Relatively subdued exchange rate moves have recently supported the inflation outlook.

On a seasonally adjusted basis, after the spike in January, core inflation improved markedly thanks to the core goods, while services have maintained a solid underlying uptrend. As a result, despite some easing, the headline inflation trend has remained elevated at above 4% MoM. The CBT sees the seasonally adjusted monthly inflation to hover below 4% on average in the first half of this year (around 3% except for January). This implies that disinflation should be more pronounced in the coming months for the CBT forecast to hold.

In the breakdown:

• Food again turned out to be the major contributor with 2.03ppt, leading to an increase in the annual figure to 71.1% driven by both unprocessed and processed food.
• Housing and transportation followed, with a 0.49ppt contribution each, due to i) continuing pressures in rent and adjustments in prices of some construction materials for the former and ii) increases in gasoline prices and transportation services for the latter. Accordingly, energy inflation maintained its recent uptrend and reached 36% from double-digit negative levels in the middle of 2023.
• Catering services lifted the headline by 0.47ppt, reflecting the impact of pressure on food prices and inertia in services.
• Accordingly, all groups provided positive contributions showing the ongoing challenges on the inflation front.

As a result, goods inflation moved up to 57.0% YoY, while core goods inflation inched up to 54% YoY. Annual inflation in services, which is generally influenced by domestic demand and wage hikes, maintained an uptrend and reached another peak at 94.4% YoY.