Pandenomics: How Covid-19 could change the world

1. Big government is back - Covid-19 has forced governments to intervene in the economy and daily life in a way unprecedented in peacetime. More changes will come after emergency lockdowns and support has ended.

2. Peak populism – populist politicians will push their nationalist agendas, pointing tothe dangers of unbridled openness, but some countries may embrace a more focusedinternationalism to tackle global problems.

3. Competence matters - governments and companies that fail to show competence and compassion amid lost lives and livelihoods will rapidly lose trust and support. Therecriminations may fuel ongoing conflict.

4. From monetary to fiscal - a further radical transformation of macro policy will casta long shadow. With fiscal rules cast aside, dealing with a massive build-up of debt willbe an enormous challenge.

5. Inequality matters – it’s not just a matter of fairness, it’s a matter of social stabilityand public health security. Society’s dependence on often low-paid and vulnerablepeople providing vital services is now in the spotlight.

6. ‘Too many to fail’ – pandemic lockdowns will lead to a shake-up in the servicesector, especially in high social contact areas such as leisure, which are dominated bysmall businesses, the low-paid and self-employed.

7. Collateral damage – government intervention in the financial system will continue. Beyond a rethink of how to keep financial markets functioning in future crises, a surge ininsolvencies will leave a painful legacy.

8. Rethinking efficiency – the pandemic exposed the dangers of over-optimisingprocesses, which leave little slack to deal with sudden setbacks. Instead of ‘just in time’, the ethos will shift to bigger ‘just in case’ inventories.

9. Rethink risk management – businesses will shift from linear thinking based onquantifiable risks based on past precedent to a new focus on mastering uncertainty withresilience and agility.

10. Rethinking supply chains – the fact that the pandemic emanated from China, the modern-day ‘workshop of the world’, exposed the vulnerability of global supply chains.

11. Expertise matters, and it needs to be diverse – on top of epidemiology, investments in science, both physical and social, will be needed to help inform difficult political, ethical and economic choices on future challenges.

12. War on disease – the huge human and economic toll of pandemics will pushinvestments in health research and systems to the top of the agenda and add to theurgency of addressing other global threats to sustainability.

13. From physical to digital – sustained curbs on travel and enforced working from home during the pandemic will lead to a steep increase in people interacting digitally, radically shaking up the structure of the economy.

14. Lasting shifts in consumer behaviour and social norms – the mortal threatposed by social interactions has shifted our thinking about how we relate to ourhouseholds, families, neighbours and communities.

15. More benign surveillance of individual health and social interactions – thebenefits of tracking of personal health and our interaction with others may bereconciled with privacy and security by decentralised technology.