Bank of Russia cuts rates by 100bp, guides for more

The Bank of Russia cut the key rate from 5.50% to 4.50%. This move is in line with the consensus forecast, though we were leaning towards the conservative side of the 50-100bp range, thinking that the CBR would prefer to make smaller cuts while maintaining significant room for further reductions.

The key rate guidance is slightly less aggressive than before, noting that the Bank of Russia "will consider the necessity of further key rate reduction at its upcoming meetings" after previously saying it "holds open the prospect of further key rate reduction at its upcoming meetings". In CBR language it means that the step of the next cut is hightly likely to be smaller and the so is the likelihood for an immediate cut at the next meeting.

Nevertheless, the content of the communique is still dovish, as the CBR mentions that:

• short-term pro-inflationary pressure related to market volatility and panic stockpiling is over
• CPI, currently at 3.1% year-on-year, will move higher due to base effects, but will be pressured by weak demand and the recent ruble appreciation; the GDP drop in 2Q20 may be deeper than initially expected (though annual GDP guidance is unchanged at -4-6%). Importantly, the CBR dropped the previous 3.8-4.8% YoY CPI expectation mentioned at the time of the previous decision
• there are significant risks of CPI underperforming the 4.0% target in 2021 due to the above-mentioned disinflationary factors.

Following the decision, the CBR governor reiterated a cautiously dovish signal, suggesting some scope for further rate cuts (though not necessarily at the very next meeting) with the key points being:

• Today's 100bp step is extraordinary and should not be taken as a new normal;
• CPI is headed towards the lower bound of the earlier CBR forecast of 3.8-4.8% at year-end 2020
• The CBR may slightly lower its estimate of the equilibrium rate range from the previous 6-7%, however, it is unlikely that the new estimate will be lower than 5%. We remain of the view that the actual rate can go below the equilibrium range when monetary policy is accomodative (which it is now).

From the real rate perspective, the Bank of Russia's monetary policy approach has eased materially since the beginning of the year but based on cross-country comparison there is still around 0.5 percentage point downside to the current real rate without sacrificing Russia's relative attractiveness to portfolio investors and without the real rate turning negative (to which the CBR seems to be vocally averse).

• With CPI at mid-year 2021 expected at 3.5-4.0% by the market, the current real key rate in Russia is 0.5-1.0% (Figure 1). Given the recent CPI dynamics we do not exlude that inflationary expectations can go lower. As a reminder, at the time of the CBR's April decision, the 12-month CPI expectations were close to 5.0%.
• The current real rate is lower than the 1.0-1.5% seen ahead of the CBR's April decision and significantly lower than 3.0-3.5% at the beginning of the year. Still, with the real rate range for EM/commodity peers also down year-to-date, Russia remains in the upper half of the comparative range, which is now between Brazil's -1.3% and Mexico's +1.9% (Figure 2). For now, the downward real rate trend remains uniform among Russia's peers with Turkey being the only exception.